Introduction to x-ray imaging diagnostics for fusion plasmas

This curriculum will give an introduction to recently developed passive x-ray imaging diagnostics for fusion plasmas. A new type of x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer (XICS) has been developed to measure ion/electron temperature and plasma rotation profiles in tokamak plasmas. The XICS instrument records spectra of highly-charged impurity ions for Doppler width and its shift measurements simultaneously. Another x-ray imaging diagnostic approaches an energy and time resolved two-dimensional fast imaging technique. It is based on a fast micropattern gas detector with gas electron multiplier (GEM) as amplifying stage and pixel readout to measure 2D images of the core x-ray emissions. The advanced GEM detector will be applied to the XICS and many other fields of plasma research since it is very relevant for the diagnosis of ITER and future burning plasma experiments. Many important experimental results from the XICS and x-ray imaging diagnostics will be described.